![]() ![]() Together, OCO-2 and GEOS create one of the most complete pictures of CO 2. These data help scientists infer CO 2 mixing ratios even when a direct OCO-2 observation is not present and provide additional information on the altitude of CO 2 plumes that the satellite is not able to see. GEOS is also informed by satellite observations of nighttime lights and vegetation greenness along with about 1 million weather observations collected every hour. In order to fill gaps and provide science and applications users a spatially complete product, OCO-2 data are assimilated into NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS), a complex modeling and data assimilation system used for studying the Earth’s weather and climate. Despite these advances, OCO-2 data contain many gaps where sunlight is not present or where clouds or aerosols are too thick to retrieve CO 2 data. Every day, OCO-2 measures sunlight reflected from Earth’s surface to infer the dry-air column-averaged CO 2 mixing ratio and provides around 100,000 cloud-free observations. ![]() NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory, 2 (OCO-2) provides the most complete dataset tracking the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2), the main driver of climate change. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. Atmospheric Monthly In Situ CO2 Data - Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (Archive ). Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography ( /).Ĭitation: Keeling, Ralph F Keeling, Charles D. Pieter Tans, NOAA/GML ( /ccgg/trends/) and Dr. Within the data record the continuous monthly average values are represented in the visualization as the jagged/wavy line that shows the seasonal cycle of CO 2 and the monthly de-seasonalized mean values are represented in the visualization as the adjusted line.Ĭitation: Dr. The visualization featured on this page utilizes the complete record from the Mauna Loa CO 2 monthly mean data for the period March 1958-December 2021 (accessed: January 7, 2022). Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide by NOAA.The rest of this webpage offers a version of the timeplot with dark background, the Keeling Curve, as of December 2021 and data sources. Continuous and precise observations across agencies and institutions are critical to help scientists and the public understand the linkages between increases in CO 2 and human-caused climate change. In addition to highlighting the steady increase of CO 2 in the Earth’s atmosphere, this timeplot underpins the historical contributions of the Keeling Curve to climate science, as it was designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society in 2015. As time passes the monthly adjusted percent increase is calculated relative to the pre-industrial CO 2 value of 278ppm and is shown next to a red arrow.Īs the timeline unfolds, we can see an increase growing from 13% in March 1958 to more than 50% in December 2021.The pre-industrial CO2 2 average of 278 ppm is marked as an orange block.Monthly CO 2 values are plotted on the range of ppm over the period of March 1958 to December 2021 (present).To illustrate the significance of the steady increase of atmospheric CO 2 since 1958 and to provide a visual understanding of the monthly average CO 2 values as they are measured in parts per million (ppm): The jagged/wavy red line visualizes natural oscillations caused by plant growth cycles, while the adjusted/straight red line demonstrates the steady increase over time that is caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels. Using the complete record of Mauna Loa CO 2 monthly mean data, the timeplot featured on this page displays the ongoing Keeling’s research and observations: the monthly average of atmospheric CO 2 concentration values, which show the seasonal cycle of CO2 (jagged/wavy red line) and the seasonally-adjusted mean values (adjusted/straight red line). ![]()
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